Open Access

This empirical study in Cognitive Translation Studies investigates whether and how translation into a foreign language (L2) differs from translation into the native language (L1) in terms of the translation process, the effort and the product. The rationale behind the study was to investigate prejudices towards translation into the L2 that persist in Translation Studies, translation training and practice despite the fact that it is widely practiced and even is the main translation direction in many language communities. The study focuses on the German-English language pair, also in view of the continually high demand for translations into English in German-speaking countries. As participants, qualified non-literary translators who are used to translating professionally both from their L1 German into their L2 English and vice versa performed two translation tasks under controlled conditions. The control groups consisted of professional translators who translate exclusively into their L1, i.e. either into German or into English. Following a mixed methods approach, the main study investigated the translation processes using methods of translation process research: keystroke logging, screen recording, retrospective verbal protocol, eye tracking and interview. From the principal process activities writing, revising, information searching and pausing, process descriptors were derived, analysed and compared. By triangulating results with data from the target text analysis, indicators of translation effort were measured. For the vast majority of the process descriptors and effort indicators, the results showed no statistically significant differences with regard to translation direction. In the substudy, intended addressees of the English target texts assessed the texts’ acceptability based on their own criteria and without resorting to the source text. The results showed no statistically significant difference in target text quality with regard to translation direction. In summary, this study showed that translation direction clearly plays no significant role in the translation process, the product quality and the translation effort. It thus invalidates preconceptions about translation into L2.

Seit der Aufdeckung der Missbrauchsfälle an der Odenwaldschule und in katholischen Internaten im Jahr 2010 rückt das Thema sexualisierte Gewalt in Abhängigkeits-, Macht-, Geschlechter- und Generationenverhältnissen sowohl in pädagogischen Einrichtungen, als auch im privaten, familiären Bereich verstärkt in den Fokus. Bei der Vermittlung von Wissen über Sexualität, der Gewährleistung sexueller Rechte und insbesondere bei der Aufdeckung, Prävention sowie Intervention von sexualisierter Gewalt tragen Pädagog*innen eine besondere Verantwortung. Um diesen Aufgaben in der pädagogischen Praxis gerecht werden zu können, müssen im Studium ein Basiswissen sowie Handlungskompetenzen vermittelt werden. Das hier vorliegende Curriculum stellt Inhalte und Themen von Lehrveranstaltungen vor, in denen diese Kenntnisse vermittelt werden und gibt Hinweise zur Umsetzung. Es basiert auf Ergebnissen wissenschaftlicher Erhebungen und Studien, der Expertise von Fachberatungsstellen und wurde in der Hochschulpraxis erprobt und optimiert. Dieses Curriculum richtet sich an alle Studiengänge, die für pädagogische Handlungsfelder der Erziehungswissenschaft, der Kindheits- oder Sozialpädagogik, der Sozialen Arbeit und für das Lehramtsstudium ausbilden.

In a globally fast-changing world, dedicated conservationists play a central role in societies moving towards the achievement of sustainable development. How do people become advocates for nature? Research suggests that childhood experiences in natural places are core determinants for the development of environmental stewardship. In many developing countries, however, access to intact natural environments is limited. This study explores formative influences on individuals who actively contribute to nature conservation and environmental education (EE) in Madagascar. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with participants in a national EE workshop. Formative experiences were reported mainly from university years, and influential persons were researchers and high school teachers, many from abroad. The media also play a considerable role, while negative experiences, familial influences, or experience of natural areas during childhood were rarely mentioned. In contrast to former studies, the results suggest that direct experiences of nature can still be decisive in determining a young person’s path as a dedicated environmental practitioner during young adulthood. Role models who are active in the conservation and sustainable development fields can compensate for a lack of familial models. These findings might require a rethinking of current educational practices in Madagascar because children might not be the only important group to target with educational interventions.

Demographic, epidemiological and societal changes are challenges to which all European countries are forced to find solutions. In addition, the so-called “digital transformation” is taking place, with digitization proceeding rapidly in all European countries, although with differing intensity and speed. With high expectations and hopes being placed on technical systems in health and social care, numerous innovations have been developed and piloted. However, for various reasons, many of these are not in regular use. Whereas technology is developing rapidly, policy, research and practice are advancing at a significantly slower pace, lagging behind the potential of technical innovations. To maximize the current and future benefits of technological innovation in the field of care, the Joint Programming Initiative “More Years, Better Lives – The Potential and Challenges of Demographic Change” has initiated a review and synthesis of knowledge, in the form of a “fast-track” project. Bringing in experts and stakeholders to collect available knowledge in a short time. This process aims to develop a common vision of care in times of digitization and explore what contribution new and emerging technologies can make to good life bearing in mind the critical role of care, health and welfare services as people age. This is designed to help guide policy development, resource allocation and research efforts in this field. Acknowledging the limited duration of the fast-track process, from March to October 2020, a pragmatic approach was taken. The project focuses on a challenge-driven perspective. The target audiences of this report are hence decision-makers in research policy, social policy and labour market policy, researchers and research funders addressing ageing, health and social care and technology, and tech companies active in that context. The coordination of the overall fast-track project has been funded by the Department of Interactive Technologies for Health and Quality of Life at the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and operationally supported by its funding agency VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH. In addition, the participants and authors of Chapters are funded by their countries.

Kernanliegen des Artikels sind die Darstellung und die Diskussion des Forschungsstands zur Digitalisierung in Heimen und Internaten. Ausgangspunkt ist das BMBF-Projekt „DigiPäd 24/7“, in dem die Potenziale und Anforderungen der Digitalisierung für die pädagogische Praxis in Heimen und Internaten analysiert werden. Auf der Grundlage der Untersuchungsergebnisse werden Empfehlungen herausgearbeitet, wie eine nachhaltige Integration von digitalen Medien und Medienbildung in Heimen und Internaten möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche wurden im Rahmen eines ganztägigen Workshops mit Vertreter*innen aus der Wissenschaft diskutiert und werden im vorliegenden Artikel vorgestellt.